Foot and toenail fungus can be tricky to get rid of, especially when the infection thrives in moist areas like our shoes and skin. Listen to Dr. Alexandra Bowles give us some insight on why these infections happen and how to treat them. Be sure to check out the full article in HuffPost!

What can cause the formation and persistence of foot and toenail fungus? Are there different kinds?

Foot and toenail fungus develops when fungi, such as dermatophytes, molds, or yeast, feed on keratin in nails and outer skin layers. They often thrive in the warm, damp environment of our shoes and skin. These infections can linger because fungal spores remain in footwear or on surfaces, ready to regrow when conditions allow. Some people are genetically more prone to chronic fungus since their immune system doesn’t recognize it as harmful, making reinfections common. The most frequent nail infection is onychomycosis, while skin infections often fall under athlete’s foot (tinea pedis). Athlete’s foot has four variations: toe web type, moccasin type, vesicular type, and the rare ulcerative type. The toe web type is most common between the toes, and moccasin type causes thickened, cracked skin on the soles and heels. The vesicular type often includes itchy, fluid-filled blisters, and the ulcerative type is marked by painful open sores. Children tend to fight these organisms off more effectively, while adults, especially those with diabetes or circulation problems, struggle with recurrence. Together, these conditions are frustrating but manageable with proper diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

When it comes to products aimed at treating fungus, are there some key ingredients that people should look for? How do these products work?

When treating toenail or foot fungus, it’s important to know which ingredients actually target the infection and which simply improve nail appearance. True antifungals like clotrimazole work by stopping fungal growth at the source, making them great over-the-counter options for mild infections. Other ingredients such as urea, lactic acid, and salicylic acid don’t kill fungus directly but help by softening or thinning thickened nails, allowing antifungal agents to penetrate more effectively. Hydrating agents like propylene glycol can also keep nails flexible and reduce brittleness. Some people explore natural options like tea tree oil, menthol, or vinegar soaks, which may offer mild relief, but are less reliable than medications. The bottom line is to use products that contain both antifungal ingredients and support nail health. This will give you the best chance of managing symptoms while addressing the underlying infection.

Can you recommend the best products to treat and prevent foot and toenail fungus? Any specific socks, foot powders, nail treatments, shoes?

For patients dealing with toenail or foot fungus, I usually suggest a few reliable products that work best when combined into a routine. Tolnafate or other clotrimazole-based solutions help target the fungus directly. These products can be applied daily to the nail and surrounding skin. Antifungal foot powders are a great way to reduce foot moisture and stop fungal growth. You can also try moisture-wicking socks made from merino wool or synthetic blends, which can prevent sweat from lingering. I also recommend choosing breathable shoes, like sneakers with mesh uppers. It’s also a good idea to rotate your daily shoes so they have time to air out between wears. For an extra layer of prevention, some patients benefit from UV shoe sanitizers, which help kill fungus and bacteria inside footwear. When used together, these products not only treat fungal infections but also create an environment where fungus is far less likely to thrive.

Are there any other tips you can give us for dealing with foot and toenail fungus?

Toenail and foot fungus can be stubborn, so patience and consistency are key when treating them. Even with the right products, it often takes several weeks or months to see noticeable improvement because nails grow slowly. Preventive habits are just as important as treatment itself. Take care of your feet by keeping them clean and dry, trimming nails regularly, and wearing breathable socks and shoes. Be sure to avoid walking barefoot in communal areas where fungi can thrive. If you have persistent infections, pain, or an underlying health condition like diabetes, I strongly recommend seeing a doctor or podiatrist for more targeted care.

We all know that using sunscreen is the best way to protect your skin on those bright, sunny days. But there’s a bit more discourse on the best methods and products to use for the most protection against harmful rays. Hear board-certified dermatologist Dr. Alexandra Bowles share some insights and debunk some common SPF misconceptions, and be sure to check out the full article in Real Simple!

What are your thoughts on high SPF? Does it ever work better than the recommended 30?

High SPF sunscreens can offer slightly more UVB protection than SPF 30, but the difference isn’t as dramatic as many people think. For example, SPF 30 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks around 98%, a small difference that can create a false sense of security. What matters most is applying sunscreen generously and reapplying every two hours, no matter the SPF. I always recommend a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 for daily use, and higher SPFs if you’re at higher elevations, near the equator, or have increased risk factors. Just remember: sunscreen is one part of a full sun-protection strategy. Don’t skip the hats, shade, and protective clothing!

What happens if you don’t apply enough of the high SPF or don’t apply it as frequently as needed?

If you don’t apply a high enough SPF or skip reapplying it every two hours, your skin won’t get the full protection listed on the label. This can leave you vulnerable to sunburn, premature aging, and even skin cancer. Underuse can also lead to uneven coverage, which increases the risk of pigmentation issues or flare-ups in sensitive skin conditions like melasma or rosacea. For SPF to do its job, consistency and the right amount matter just as much as the number on the bottle.

What is your recommendation for any and all sunscreen application?

I always remind my patients that how you apply your sunscreen is just as important as which one you choose. For full protection, apply a generous amount, about a nickel-sized dollop for the face and a shot-glass amount for the whole body, at least 15 minutes before sun exposure, and reapply every two hours when outdoors or immediately after swimming or sweating. Don’t forget commonly missed spots like your ears, neck, and the tops of your hands and feet. Sunscreen should be worn daily, not just at the beach, but also anytime you’re exposed to daylight, including while driving, sitting near windows, or taking a quick walk outside. UV rays are present year-round and can penetrate clouds and glass, so daily SPF is one of the best habits you can adopt for long-term skin health.

Which SPF products would you recommend?

Colorscience Sunforgettable Total Protection Face Shield Classic SPF 50 –This hydrating, antioxidant-rich mineral formula provides complete protection from environmental aggressors in a weightless texture that blends in sheer, for a natural bare-faced finish. I love the tinted formula and that they have different shades to choose from!

EltaMD UV Daily SPF 40 – Lightweight, hydrating, and perfect under makeup, this is a great everyday sunscreen for dry or sensitive skin. It contains hyaluronic acid and antioxidants to nourish while protecting.

La Roche-Posay Anthelios Melt-in Milk SPF 60 – Another daily go-to that’s widely available and works well for all skin types. Its non-greasy finish makes it ideal for layering.

Breakouts can be a huge inconvenience, made worse when scars and dark spots linger. Learn more about how to repair skin post-breakout from board-certified dermatologist Dr. Alexandra Bowles, as featured in Girl’s Life.

What are the steps to getting skin back to even-toned and healthy after a breakout?

If you’re a teen dealing with post-breakout marks, you’re definitely not alone. The good news is that you can take simple, practical steps to help your skin heal. Start with a gentle cleanser (no scrubbing!) and a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer to keep your skin balanced. Sunscreen is a must every day, even when it’s cloudy, because sun exposure can make dark marks linger. Ingredients like niacinamide, retinol, and vitamin C can help fade spots, but go slow and steady. Remember, healing takes time, so try not to pick or pop pimples, no matter how tempting it is. Doing so can make those blemishes look worse and last longer.

Are there any lifestyle habits that help? Any products or practices that should be avoided or added in?

After a breakout, it’s really important for teens to avoid picking or squeezing. Using zit stickers can be a gentle reminder to keep their hands off, especially if the spots are open or scabbing. Keeping your skin clean with a gentle cleanser and a lightweight moisturizer helps your skin heal without causing extra irritation. Don’t forget sunscreen every day, because sun exposure can make those marks stick around longer. After sports, wash your face as soon as possible to clear away sweat and bacteria that can trigger more breakouts. And if you wear makeup, always make sure to remove it entirely before bedtime so your skin can breathe and repair overnight. Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated is another simple but powerful way to support your skin’s natural healing. Plus, getting enough rest and managing stress really support your skin’s healing process, so don’t overlook those healthy habits!

What about ingredients to incorporate? Vitamin C to brighten discoloration? Chemical exfoliants to resurface the skin?

Absolutely! Vitamin C is an excellent addition to help brighten dark spots and even out your skin tone, giving your complexion a healthy glow. Gentle chemical exfoliants like AHAs (such as glycolic acid found in products like SkinMedica AHA/BHA Exfoliating Cleanser) or BHAs (like salicylic acid in Skinmedica Pore Purifying Cleanser or Cerave Acne Control Cleanser) can help resurface the skin by removing dead cells and promoting cell turnover. But it’s important to start slowly to avoid irritation. Always pair these treatments with daily sunscreen to protect your skin and prevent further discoloration. And don’t forget to keep your skin well-moisturized to support its natural barrier and help everything else work better.

If you were to put together a daily/weekly regimen for a teen girl who’s trying to repair her skin post-breakout, what would that look like?

If I were to put together a daily and weekly skincare regimen for a teen girl repairing her skin after a breakout, I’d start with a gentle cream cleanser formulated for acne, ideally one with salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide. Washing twice a day, and always after sweating, helps keep pores clear without over-drying the skin. Next, using pimple patches or spot treatments with ingredients like benzoyl peroxide can calm inflammation and protect the skin from picking, which is so important to avoid scarring. If she wears makeup, I’d encourage her to choose non-comedogenic products and make sure to remove all makeup gently at the end of the day. Hydration is key, so I’d recommend a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer to balance the skin, especially when using acne-fighting products that can be drying. A daily application of a non-comedogenic sunscreen with at least SPF 30 is essential to protect healing skin from sun damage and prevent dark spots.

What can she do for scars that have been left behind? Any tools that would help, like a red light mask?

Patience and gentle care are key when it comes to fading scars left behind after a breakout. Your skin needs time to heal, and that’s completely normal. Ingredients like vitamin C and niacinamide can really help brighten and even out skin tone over time, especially when used consistently. Red light therapy can also be an added tool. It supports your skin’s natural healing process, reduces inflammation, and may help improve the overall appearance of scars. And while it’s tempting to try a bunch of new products at once, keeping your routine simple and soothing is best so you don’t overwhelm or irritate your skin. Most importantly, don’t forget your daily sunscreen. Protecting your skin from the sun prevents scars from darkening and helps them fade more evenly.

Is there anything else that you think is important to include on the topic of repairing skin post-breakout for a teen?

When it comes to healing your skin after a breakout, two of the most important things you can do are to be patient and protect your skin daily. It’s so important to treat your skin with kindness, so avoid picking, scrubbing too hard (scrubbing can make breakouts worse!), or using too many active products all at once. And don’t skip your sunscreen! Daily SPF helps prevent dark spots from getting darker and supports your skin’s natural healing process. If you enjoy wearing makeup, that’s perfectly fine too. Just look for products that won’t clog your pores and always wash them off gently at night to keep your skin clear and calm. Remember, gentle care and consistency are your best friends on the road to healthy skin.

If you’re looking for a gentle way to exfoliate, hydrate, and strengthen your skin, polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) might be what your skincare routine is missing! Learn all about them with Dr. Alexandra Bowles in Byrdie’s recent article.

What is PHA?

Polyhydroxy acids, or PHAs, are often described as the “entry-level” chemical exfoliant, and for good reason. Their larger molecular size means they sit closer to the surface of the skin. This allows them to gently loosen dead skin cells without penetrating too deeply or causing irritation. What’s exciting about PHAs is that they’re not just exfoliators. They also act as antioxidants and hydrators, making them a triple win for anyone looking to brighten and smooth their skin without the sting. If you’ve struggled with AHAs or BHAs in the past, PHAs might be the ideal way to experience the benefits of chemical exfoliation more comfortably.

What are some benefits of PHA?

One of the more underrated benefits of PHAs is their ability to support the skin’s natural barrier. While some acids can leave skin feeling stripped or overly tight, PHAs help maintain hydration levels and actually promote a stronger, healthier skin barrier over time. They also work well alongside calming ingredients, which makes them a fantastic option for those managing redness, rosacea, or even eczema. And because they exfoliate without increasing sun sensitivity as much as AHAs, PHAs can be more forgiving for year-round use, though sunscreen is still a must!

What’s the difference between AHA, BHA, and PHA?

AHAs, like glycolic and lactic acid, exfoliate the skin’s surface and are great for dullness and uneven tone, but can be irritating. BHAs, such as salicylic acid, penetrate deeper into pores, making them ideal for oily or acne-prone skin. PHAs are larger in molecular size, so they stay on the surface and work more gently. This makes them perfect for sensitive skin or those new to acids. PHAs also have added moisturizing and antioxidant benefits, which AHAs and BHAs don’t typically offer. Overall, PHAs are more forgiving. They hydrate as they exfoliate and pair well with calming or hydrating ingredients, making them an easy choice for layered routines. 

Are there any side effects?

The beauty of PHAs is that they’re designed to minimize irritation. While other acids might cause redness or tingling, PHAs are usually well-tolerated, even by those with rosacea or eczema. That said, every skin type is unique, so I always recommend introducing them slowly and watching for any signs of sensitivity. Even though PHAs are gentle, more isn’t always better. Using them too frequently, especially alongside other exfoliants, can lead to a compromised skin barrier. If your skin starts to feel tight or begins to peel, take a break and focus on hydration and barrier repair.

One lesser-known point: even gentle acids like PHAs can interact with other actives. Using them right before or after retinoids or vitamin C may increase your chances of irritation. If you’re combining powerful ingredients, it’s best to alternate nights or seek advice from your dermatologist.

Is it right for my skin? 

PHAs are one of the most skin-friendly exfoliants out there, especially for those with sensitive or compromised skin. Their gentle nature makes them a great choice for people dealing with conditions like rosacea, eczema, or post-procedure recovery. Still, I always advise patch testing first and avoiding use on areas with broken or inflamed skin. If you’re acne-prone, PHAs may not clear clogged pores as effectively as BHAs. But, they can still help improve skin texture and tone without the risk of irritation. The key is to start slow and monitor how your skin feels over time.

How do I use this in my routine?

One of the best things about PHAs is how simple they are to incorporate into your routine. I often recommend starting with a leave-on product, like a serum or hydrating toner, used two to three times a week. Because PHAs are so gentle, many people can gradually increase usage based on how their skin responds. They also layer beautifully with most skincare ingredients, including hyaluronic acid, ceramides, and even some retinoids. If you’re using a physical exfoliant or other active ingredients, though, try to space them out to avoid over-exfoliating.

If you struggle with body acne, rough texture, or clogged pores, salicylic acid might be the body wash ingredient your routine is missing. Learn more about this powerhouse ingredient from Dr. Alexandra Bowles in Allure’s article.

Is salicylic acid a good ingredient in body washes? 

Salicylic acid is a great ingredient to have in a body wash, especially for anyone dealing with body acne or rough, bumpy skin. It works as a chemical exfoliant that clears out pores and helps smooth the surface of the skin. I like that it’s easy to incorporate into a regular shower routine and doesn’t require an extra step like a separate scrub or treatment. The rinse-off format also makes it gentler, which can be helpful for sensitive or reactive skin types.

How does salicylic acid work on the skin, particularly on the body vs. the face?

Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid, so it exfoliates by breaking down the oil and dead skin that can clog pores. On the body, it’s often used in slightly higher concentrations because the skin there is thicker and can tolerate a bit more. I find it especially useful for treating areas like the back, shoulders, and chest. On the face, I usually recommend a gentler approach, lower concentrations or less frequent use, because the skin is more delicate.

What types of skin concerns does salicylic acid in a body wash help with most?

It’s best known for treating body acne, but it’s also great for keratosis pilaris and rough or bumpy skin texture. I’ve seen it help reduce clogged pores and smooth dry patches, especially on the upper arms and thighs. It can also support clearer skin by helping prevent future breakouts.

Is it okay to use a salicylic acid body wash every day? 

For many people, daily use is totally fine. If the formula includes moisturizing ingredients and isn’t too strong, it can be part of a consistent routine. I often suggest starting a few times a week, especially for sensitive skin, and increasing frequency based on how your skin responds. If there’s any dryness, redness, or peeling, it’s a good idea to scale back and add a hydrating body lotion to help restore balance.

How can someone tell if their salicylic acid body wash is working? 

Most people start to see results within one to two weeks. You might notice smoother skin, fewer breakouts, or less redness. For concerns like keratosis pilaris, it can take longer, sometimes up to a month or more. I usually tell my patients to give it at least four weeks of consistent use before deciding if it’s effective. Improvements in texture and fewer new bumps or clogged pores are good signs it’s working.

Product Recommendations:

Top Pick – Cerave Acne Control Cleanser: This product can be used on the face or body. It has 2% salicylic acid, niacinamides, and hyaluronic acid to both exfoliate and hydrate the skin. I recommend this product for both facial and body acne. Extra points for being affordable and effective!

Other Recommended Products:

• Cerave Rough and Bumpy SA Body Wash: This product is both effective and affordable. It incorporates salicylic acid to gently exfoliate the skin, niacinamide to brighten and ceramides and hyaluronic acid to keep the skin barrier hydrated. I love that it gets the job done without being too overexfoliating and doesn’t have harsh physical exfoliants. I find this product to be great for keratosis pilaris. 
• Cetaphil Gentle Exfoliating SA Cleanser: This product uses salicylic acid, mandelic acid, and gluconolactone to chemically exfoliate the skin. Its gentle formula makes it great for even those patients with sensitive skin. 
• Necessaire | The Body Wash: This higher end product contains mild plant-derived surfactants that work to gently cleanse the skin. It incorporates salicylic acid to exfoliate and also has luxe oils of marula, cacay and meadowfoam plus Vitamins A, B3, C and E, omega 6 and 9 to help nourish and brighten the skin. The texture is elegant and non drying and is a fan favorite!